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If you take a look at the history of technology, hacking started as a term for "tech enthusiasts" who simply wanted to optimize their hardware. Early hackers at universities were people who rewired train sets or modified early computer circuits to make them run faster. Over time, the definition shifted toward the act of gaining unauthorized access to data in a system or computer. It describes a wide range of activities that span from criminal cyber warfare to professional security auditing.
It is helpful to think of hackers in categories, often referred to by the "hat" they wear - this system helps you distinguish between the people trying to help you and those trying to cause trouble
- White Hat Hackers These are the "good guys" or security researchers. They use their skills to find holes in security systems so companies can fix them before a criminal finds them.
- Black Hat Hackers These individuals break into systems with malicious intent. They might want to steal credit card numbers, lock up files for ransom or simply cause chaos.
- Grey Hat Hackers These individuals sit in the middle - They might break into a system without permission to point out a flaw but they do not necessarily intend to steal anything.
Many professionals now pursue a career in ethical hacking, which is the legalized practice of attacking a system to find its vulnerabilities. Organizations pay these experts to think like a criminal so the organization can build better defenses. You can find more background on ethical hacking if you want to understand how these professionals get certified and stay on the right side of the law.
